//%2006////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Copyright (c) 2000, 2001, 2002 BMC Software; Hewlett-Packard Development
// Company, L.P.; IBM Corp.; The Open Group; Tivoli Systems.
// Copyright (c) 2003 BMC Software; Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.;
// IBM Corp.; EMC Corporation, The Open Group.
// Copyright (c) 2004 BMC Software; Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.;
// IBM Corp.; EMC Corporation; VERITAS Software Corporation; The Open Group.
// Copyright (c) 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.; IBM Corp.;
// EMC Corporation; VERITAS Software Corporation; The Open Group.
// Copyright (c) 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.; IBM Corp.;
// EMC Corporation; Symantec Corporation; The Open Group.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND THIS PERMISSION NOTICE SHALL BE INCLUDED IN
// ALL COPIES OR SUBSTANTIAL PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED
// "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
// HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
// ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//
//==============================================================================
//
//%/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if defined(PEGASUS_PLATFORM_ZOS_ZSERIES_IBM)
# define _OPEN_SYS_EXT
# include <sys/ps.h>
# include <sys/__messag.h>
#elif defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS)
# include <descrip.h>           //  $DESCRIPTOR
# include <iodef.h>             // IO$_SENSEMODE
# include <ttdef.h>             // TT$M_NOBRDCST
# include <tt2def.h>            // TT2$M_PASTHRU
# include <starlet.h>
# include <stsdef.h>            // VMS_STATUS_SUCCESS
# include <prvdef>              // PRV$M_SETPRV
#endif

#include <unistd.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <errno.h>

#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_SOLARIS)
# include <string.h>
# include <sys/sockio.h>
#endif

#if !defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS) && \
    !defined(PEGASUS_PLATFORM_ZOS_ZSERIES_IBM) && \
    !defined(PEGASUS_OS_DARWIN)
# include <crypt.h>
#endif

#include "Network.h"

#if defined(PEGASUS_USE_SYSLOGS)
# include <syslog.h>
#endif

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <cstdio>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include "System.h"

#ifdef PEGASUS_OS_PASE
#include <ILEWrapper/ILEUtilities.h>
#endif

#include <Pegasus/Common/Tracer.h>
#include <Pegasus/Common/InternalException.h>
#include <Pegasus/Common/Mutex.h>

#include <net/if.h>

#include "Once.h"

PEGASUS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

//==============================================================================
//
// System
//
//==============================================================================

// System ID constants for Logger::put and Logger::trace
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_ZOS)
const String System::CIMSERVER = "CFZCIM";  // Server system ID
#else
const String System::CIMSERVER = "cimserver";  // Server system ID
#endif

void System::getCurrentTime(Uint32& seconds, Uint32& milliseconds)
{
    timeval tv;
    gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
    seconds = Uint32(tv.tv_sec);
    milliseconds = Uint32(tv.tv_usec) / 1000;
}

void System::getCurrentTimeUsec(Uint32& seconds, Uint32& microseconds)
{
    timeval tv;
    gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
    seconds = Uint32(tv.tv_sec);
    microseconds = Uint32(tv.tv_usec);
}

String System::getCurrentASCIITime()
{
    char    str[50];
    time_t  rawTime;
    struct tm tmBuffer;

    time(&rawTime);
    strftime(str, 40,"%m/%d/%Y-%T", localtime_r(&rawTime, &tmBuffer));
    return String(str);
}

static inline void _sleep_wrapper(Uint32 seconds)
{
    sleep(seconds);
}

void System::sleep(Uint32 seconds)
{
    _sleep_wrapper(seconds);
}

Boolean System::exists(const char* path)
{
    return access(path, F_OK) == 0;
}

Boolean System::canRead(const char* path)
{
    return access(path, R_OK) == 0;
}

Boolean System::canWrite(const char* path)
{
    return access(path, W_OK) == 0;
}

Boolean System::getCurrentDirectory(char* path, Uint32 size)
{
    return getcwd(path, size) != NULL;
}

Boolean System::isDirectory(const char* path)
{
    struct stat st;
    if (stat(path, &st) != 0)
        return false;
        
    return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
}

Boolean System::changeDirectory(const char* path)
{
    return chdir(path) == 0;
}

Boolean System::makeDirectory(const char* path)
{
    return mkdir(path, 0777) == 0;
}

Boolean System::getFileSize(const char* path, Uint32& size)
{
    struct stat st;
    if (stat(path, &st) != 0)
        return false;
    size = st.st_size;
    
    return true;
}

Boolean System::removeDirectory(const char* path)
{
    return rmdir(path) == 0;
}

Boolean System::removeFile(const char* path)
{
    return unlink(path) == 0;
}

Boolean System::renameFile(const char* oldPath, const char* newPath)
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS)
//   Note: link() on OpenVMS has a different meaning so rename is used.
//         unlink() is a synonym for remove() so it can be used.
    if (rename(oldPath, newPath) != 0)
        return false;

    return true;
#else
    if (link(oldPath, newPath) != 0)
        return false;

    return unlink(oldPath) == 0;
#endif
}

String System::getSystemCreationClassName ()
{
    //
    //  The value returned should match the value of the CreationClassName key
    //  property used in the instrumentation of the CIM_ComputerSystem class
    //  as determined by the provider for the CIM_ComputerSystem class
    //
    return "CIM_ComputerSystem";
}

Uint32 System::lookupPort(
    const char * serviceName,
    Uint32 defaultPort)
{
    Uint32 localPort;

    struct servent *serv;

    //
    // Get wbem-local port from /etc/services
    //

#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_SOLARIS)
# define SERV_BUFF_SIZE 1024
    struct servent serv_result;
    char buf[SERV_BUFF_SIZE];

    if ( (serv = getservbyname_r(serviceName, TCP, &serv_result,
                                 buf, SERV_BUFF_SIZE)) != NULL )
#else // PEGASUS_OS_SOLARIS
    if ( (serv = getservbyname(serviceName, TCP)) != NULL )
#endif // PEGASUS_OS_SOLARIS
    {
        localPort = htons((uint16_t)serv->s_port);
    }
    else
    {
        localPort = defaultPort;
    }

    return localPort;
}

String System::getPassword(const char* prompt)
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS)

    struct
    {
        short int numbuf;
        char frst_char;
        char rsv1;
        long rsv2;
    }
    tahead;

    typedef struct
    {                           // I/O status block
        short i_cond;           // Condition value
        short i_xfer;           // Transfer count
        long i_info;            // Device information
    }
    iosb;

    typedef struct
    {                           // Terminal characteristics
        char t_class;           // Terminal class
        char t_type;            // Terminal type
        short t_width;          // Terminal width in characters
        long t_mandl;           // Terminal's mode and length
        long t_extend;          // Extended terminal characteristics
    }
    termb;

    termb otermb;
    termb ntermb;

    static long ichan;          // Gets channel number for TT:

    register int errorcode;
    int kbdflgs;                // saved keyboard fd flags
    int kbdpoll;                // in O_NDELAY mode
    int kbdqp = false;          // there is a char in kbdq
    int psize;                  // size of the prompt

    const size_t MAX_PASS_LEN = 32;
    static char buf[MAX_PASS_LEN];
    char kbdq;                  // char we've already read

    iosb iostatus;

    static long termset[2] = { 0, 0 };  // No terminator

    $DESCRIPTOR(inpdev, "TT");  // Terminal to use for input

    // Get a channel for the terminal

    buf[0] = 0;

    errorcode = sys$assign(&inpdev,     // Device name
                           &ichan,      // Channel assigned
                           0,   // request KERNEL mode access
                           0);  // No mailbox assigned

    if (errorcode != SS$_NORMAL)
    {
        return buf;
    }

    // Read current terminal settings

    errorcode = sys$qiow(0,     // Wait on event flag zero
                         ichan, // Channel to input terminal
                         IO$_SENSEMODE, // Function - Sense Mode
                         &iostatus,     // Status after operation
                         0, 0,  // No AST service
                         &otermb,       // [P1] Address of Char Buffer
                         sizeof (otermb),       // [P2] Size of Char Buffer
                         0, 0, 0, 0);   // [P3] - [P6]

    if (errorcode != SS$_NORMAL)
    {
        return buf;
    }

    // setup new settings

    ntermb = otermb;

    // turn on passthru and nobroadcast

    ntermb.t_extend |= TT2$M_PASTHRU;
    ntermb.t_mandl |= TT$M_NOBRDCST;

    // Write out new terminal settings

    errorcode = sys$qiow(0,     // Wait on event flag zero
                         ichan, // Channel to input terminal
                         IO$_SETMODE,   // Function - Set Mode
                         &iostatus,     // Status after operation
                         0, 0,  // No AST service
                         &ntermb,       // [P1] Address of Char Buffer
                         sizeof (ntermb),       // [P2] Size of Char Buffer
                         0, 0, 0, 0);   // [P3] - [P6]

    if (errorcode != SS$_NORMAL)
    {
        return buf;
    }

    // Write a prompt, read characters from the terminal, performing no
    // editing
    // and doing no echo at all.

    psize = strlen(prompt);

    errorcode = sys$qiow(0,     // Event flag
                         ichan, // Input channel
                         IO$_READPROMPT | IO$M_NOECHO | IO$M_NOFILTR |
                         IO$M_TRMNOECHO,
                         // Read with prompt, no echo, no translate, no
                         // termination character echo
                         &iostatus,     // I/O status block
                         NULL,  // AST block (none)
                         0,     // AST parameter
                         &buf,  // P1 - input buffer
                         MAX_PASS_LEN,  // P2 - buffer length
                         0,     // P3 - ignored (timeout)
                         0,     // P4 - ignored (terminator char set)
                         prompt,        // P5 - prompt buffer
                         psize);        // P6 - prompt size

    if (errorcode != SS$_NORMAL)
    {
        return buf;
    }

    // Write out old terminal settings
    errorcode = sys$qiow(0,     // Wait on event flag zero
                         ichan, // Channel to input terminal
                         IO$_SETMODE,   // Function - Set Mode
                         &iostatus,     // Status after operation
                         0, 0,  // No AST service
                         &otermb,       // [P1] Address of Char Buffer
                         sizeof (otermb),       // [P2] Size of Char Buffer
                         0, 0, 0, 0);   // [P3] - [P6]

    if (errorcode != SS$_NORMAL)
    {
        return buf;
    }

    // Start new line

    const int CR = 0x0d;
    const int LF = 0x0a;
    fputc(CR, stdout);
    fputc(LF, stdout);

    // Remove the termination character
    psize = strlen(buf);
    buf[psize - 1] = 0;

    return buf;

#else /* default */

    return String(getpass(prompt));

#endif /* default */
}

String System::getEffectiveUserName()
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_ZOS)
    char effective_username[9];
    __getuserid(effective_username, 9);
    __etoa_l(effective_username,9);
    return String(effective_username);
#else
    String userName;
    struct passwd* pwd = NULL;
    const unsigned int PWD_BUFF_SIZE = 1024;
    struct passwd local_pwd;
    char buf[PWD_BUFF_SIZE];

    if (getpwuid_r(geteuid(), &local_pwd, buf, PWD_BUFF_SIZE, &pwd) != 0)
    {
        PEG_TRACE((TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            "getpwuid_r failure: %s", strerror(errno)));
    }
    else if (pwd == NULL)
    {
        PEG_TRACE_CSTRING(TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            "getpwuid_r failure; user may have been removed");
    }
    else
    {
        //
        //  get the user name
        //
        userName.assign(pwd->pw_name);
    }

    return userName;
#endif
}

String System::encryptPassword(const char* password, const char* salt)
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS)
    const size_t MAX_PASS_LEN = 1024;
    char pbBuffer[MAX_PASS_LEN] = {0};
    Uint32 dwByteCount;
    char pcSalt[3] = {0};

    strncpy(pcSalt, salt, 2);
    dwByteCount = strlen(password);
    memcpy(pbBuffer, password, dwByteCount);

    for (Uint32 i=0; (i<dwByteCount) || (i>=MAX_PASS_LEN); i++)
    {
        (i%2 == 0) ? pbBuffer[i] ^= pcSalt[1] : pbBuffer[i] ^= pcSalt[0];
    }

    return String(pcSalt) + String((char *)pbBuffer);
#else
    return String(crypt(password, salt));
#endif
}

Boolean System::isSystemUser(const char* userName)
{
    const unsigned int PWD_BUFF_SIZE = 1024;
    struct passwd pwd;
    struct passwd *result;
    char pwdBuffer[PWD_BUFF_SIZE];

    if (getpwnam_r(userName, &pwd, pwdBuffer, PWD_BUFF_SIZE, &result) != 0)
    {
        PEG_TRACE((TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            "getpwnam_r failure: %s", strerror(errno)));
    }

    return (result != NULL);
}

Boolean System::isPrivilegedUser(const String& userName)
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_PASE)
    CString user = userName.getCString();
    // this function only can be found in PASE environment
    return umeIsPrivilegedUser((const char *)user);
    
#elif defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS)
    static union prvdef old_priv_mask;
    static union prvdef new_priv_mask;
    char enbflg = 1; // 1 = enable
    char prmflg = 0; // 0 = life time of image only.
    int retStat;

    old_priv_mask.prv$v_sysprv = false;    // SYSPRV privilege.
    new_priv_mask.prv$v_sysprv = true;     // SYSPRV privilege.

    retStat = sys$setprv(enbflg, &new_priv_mask, prmflg, &old_priv_mask);
    if (!$VMS_STATUS_SUCCESS(retStat)) 
    {
        return false;
    }

    if (retStat == SS$_NOTALLPRIV) 
    {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
    
#else
    struct passwd   pwd;
    struct passwd   *result;
    const unsigned int PWD_BUFF_SIZE = 1024;
    char            pwdBuffer[PWD_BUFF_SIZE];

    if (getpwnam_r(
          userName.getCString(), &pwd, pwdBuffer, PWD_BUFF_SIZE, &result) != 0)
    {
        String errorMsg = String("getpwnam_r failure : ") +
                            String(strerror(errno));
        PEG_TRACE_STRING(TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2, errorMsg);
        // L10N TODO - This message needs to be added.
        //Logger::put(Logger::STANDARD_LOG, "CIMServer", Logger::WARNING,
        //                          errorMsg);
    }

    // Check if the requested entry was found. If not return false.
    if ( result != NULL )
    {
        // Check if the uid is 0.
        if ( pwd.pw_uid == 0 )
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
#endif
}

static String _privilegedUserName;
static Once _privilegedUserNameOnce = PEGASUS_ONCE_INITIALIZER;

static void _initPrivilegedUserName()
{
    struct passwd* pwd = NULL;
    const unsigned int PWD_BUFF_SIZE = 1024;
    struct passwd local_pwd;
    char buf[PWD_BUFF_SIZE];
    PEGASUS_UID_T uid;

#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS)
    // 65540 = 10004 hex = [1,4] the UIC for [SYSTEM] on OpenVMS
    uid = 0x10004;
#else
    uid = 0;
#endif

    if (getpwuid_r(uid, &local_pwd, buf, PWD_BUFF_SIZE, &pwd) != 0)
    {
        PEG_TRACE((TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            "getpwuid_r failure: %s", strerror(errno)));
    }
    else if (pwd == NULL)
    {
        PEG_TRACE_CSTRING(
            TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL4,
            "getpwuid_r: Could not find entry.");
        PEGASUS_ASSERT(0);
    }
    else
    {
        _privilegedUserName.assign(pwd->pw_name);
    }
}

String System::getPrivilegedUserName()
{
    once(&_privilegedUserNameOnce, _initPrivilegedUserName);
    return _privilegedUserName;
}

#if !defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS) || defined(PEGASUS_ENABLE_USERGROUP_AUTHORIZATION)

Boolean System::isGroupMember(const char* userName, const char* groupName)
{
    struct group grp;
    char* member;
    Boolean retVal = false;
    const unsigned int PWD_BUFF_SIZE = 1024;
    const unsigned int GRP_BUFF_SIZE = 1024;
    struct passwd pwd;
    struct passwd* result;
    struct group* grpresult;
    char pwdBuffer[PWD_BUFF_SIZE];
    char grpBuffer[GRP_BUFF_SIZE];

    // Search Primary group information.

    // Find the entry that matches "userName"

    if (getpwnam_r(userName, &pwd, pwdBuffer, PWD_BUFF_SIZE, &result) != 0)
    {
        String errorMsg = String("getpwnam_r failure : ") +
                            String(strerror(errno));
        Logger::put(Logger::STANDARD_LOG, System::CIMSERVER, Logger::WARNING,
                                  errorMsg);
        throw InternalSystemError();
    }

    if ( result != NULL )
    {
        // User found, check for group information.
        gid_t           group_id;
        group_id = pwd.pw_gid;

        // Get the group name using group_id and compare with group passed.
        if ( getgrgid_r(group_id, &grp,
                 grpBuffer, GRP_BUFF_SIZE, &grpresult) != 0)
        {
            String errorMsg = String("getgrgid_r failure : ") +
                                 String(strerror(errno));
            Logger::put(
                Logger::STANDARD_LOG, System::CIMSERVER, Logger::WARNING,
                errorMsg);
            throw InternalSystemError();
        }

        // Compare the user's group name to groupName.
        if (strcmp(grp.gr_name, groupName) == 0)
        {
             // User is a member of the group.
             return true;
        }
    }

    //
    // Search supplemental groups.
    // Get a user group entry
    //
    if (getgrnam_r((char *)groupName, &grp,
        grpBuffer, GRP_BUFF_SIZE, &grpresult) != 0)
    {
        String errorMsg = String("getgrnam_r failure : ") +
            String(strerror(errno));
        Logger::put(
            Logger::STANDARD_LOG, System::CIMSERVER, Logger::WARNING, errorMsg);
        throw InternalSystemError();
    }

    // Check if the requested group was found.
    if (grpresult == NULL)
    {
        return false;
    }

    Uint32 j = 0;

    //
    // Get all the members of the group
    //
    member = grp.gr_mem[j++];

    while (member)
    {
        //
        // Check if the user is a member of the group
        //
        if ( strcmp(userName, member) == 0 )
        {
            retVal = true;
            break;
        }
        member = grp.gr_mem[j++];
    }

    return retVal;
}

#endif /* !PEGASUS_OS_VMS || PEGASUS_ENABLE_USERGROUP_AUTHORIZATION */

Boolean System::lookupUserId(
    const char* userName,
    PEGASUS_UID_T& uid,
    PEGASUS_GID_T& gid)
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_PASE)
    if (!umeLookupUserProfile(userName))
    {
        PEG_TRACE_CSTRING(TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
                "umeLookupUserProfile failed.");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
#else
    const unsigned int PWD_BUFF_SIZE = 1024;
    struct passwd pwd;
    struct passwd *result;
    char pwdBuffer[PWD_BUFF_SIZE];

    int rc = getpwnam_r(userName, &pwd, pwdBuffer, PWD_BUFF_SIZE, &result);

    if (rc != 0)
    {
        PEG_TRACE_STRING(TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            String("getpwnam_r failed: ") + String(strerror(errno)));
        return false;
    }

    if (result == 0)
    {
        PEG_TRACE_CSTRING(TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            "getpwnam_r failed.");
        return false;
    }

    uid = pwd.pw_uid;
    gid = pwd.pw_gid;

    return true;
#endif
}

Boolean System::changeUserContext_SingleThreaded(
    const char* userName,
    const PEGASUS_UID_T& uid,
    const PEGASUS_GID_T& gid)
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_PASE)
    char required_ph[12];

    PEG_TRACE((TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL4,
        "Changing user context to: username = %s", userName));

    if (!umeGetUserProfile(userName, required_ph))
        return false;

    if (!umeSwapUserProfile(required_ph))
        return false;

    umeReleaseUserProfile(required_ph);
    return true;
#else
    PEG_TRACE((TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL4,
        "Changing user context to: username = %s, uid = %d, gid = %d",
        userName, (int)uid, (int)gid));

    if (setgid(gid) != 0)
    {
        PEG_TRACE_STRING(TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            String("setgid failed: ") + String(strerror(errno)));
        return false;
    }

# if !defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS)
    // NOTE: initgroups() uses non-reentrant functions and should only be
    // called from a single-threaded process.
    if (initgroups(userName, gid) != 0)
    {
        PEG_TRACE_STRING(TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            String("initgroups failed: ") + String(strerror(errno)));
        return false;
    }
# endif

    if (setuid(uid) != 0)
    {
        PEG_TRACE_STRING(TRC_OS_ABSTRACTION, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            String("setuid failed: ") + String(strerror(errno)));
        return false;
    }

    return true;
#endif
}

Uint32 System::getPID()
{
    return getpid();
}

Boolean System::truncateFile(
    const char* path,
    size_t newSize)
{
    return (truncate(path, newSize) == 0);
}

Boolean System::is_absolute_path(const char *path)
{
    if (path == NULL)
        return false;

    if (path[0] == '/')
        return true;

    return false;
}

Boolean System::changeFilePermissions(const char* path, mode_t mode)
{
    Sint32 ret = 0;
    const char * tmp = path;

    return chmod(tmp, mode) == 0 ? true : false;
}

Boolean System::verifyFileOwnership(const char* path)
{
    struct stat st;
    
    if (lstat(path, &st) != 0)
        return false;

    return ((st.st_uid == geteuid()) &&    // Verify the file owner
            S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&         // Verify it is a regular file
            (st.st_nlink == 1));           // Verify it is not a hard link
}

void System::syslog(const String& ident, Uint32 severity, const char* message)
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_USE_SYSLOGS) && \
    (defined(PEGASUS_OS_HPUX) || defined(PEGASUS_OS_LINUX))

    // Since the openlog(), syslog(), and closelog() function calls must be
    // coordinated (see below), we need a thread control.

    static Mutex logMutex;

    AutoMutex loglock(logMutex);

    // Get a const char* representation of the identifier string.  Note: The
    // character string passed to the openlog() function must persist until
    // closelog() is called.  The syslog() method uses this pointer directly
    // rather than a copy of the string it refers to.

    CString identCString = ident.getCString();
    openlog(identCString, LOG_PID, LOG_DAEMON);

    // Map from the Logger log level to the system log level.

    Uint32 syslogLevel;
    if (severity & Logger::FATAL)
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_CRIT;
    }
    else if (severity & Logger::SEVERE)
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_ERR;
    }
    else if (severity & Logger::WARNING)
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_WARNING;
    }
    else if (severity & Logger::INFORMATION)
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_INFO;
    }
    else // if (severity & Logger::TRACE)
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_DEBUG;
    }

    // Write the message to the system log.

    ::syslog(syslogLevel, "%s", message);

    closelog();

#elif defined(PEGASUS_OS_ZOS) && defined(PEGASUS_USE_SYSLOGS)
#define ZOS_MSGID_LENGTH 11

    char*           zosMessageString;
    Uint32          messageLength = strlen(message);
    Uint32          syslogLevel = LOG_DEBUG;
    const char*     zos_msgid;

    // determine syslog level and create zos_msgid string
    if ((severity & Logger::SEVERE) || (severity & Logger::FATAL) )
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_ERR;
        zos_msgid = "CFZ00004E: ";
    }
    else if (severity & Logger::WARNING)
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_WARNING;
        zos_msgid = "CFZ00002W: ";
    }
    else if (severity & Logger::INFORMATION)
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_INFO;
        zos_msgid = "CFZ00001I: ";
    }
    else
    {
        syslogLevel = LOG_DEBUG;
        zos_msgid = "CFZ00001I: ";
    }

    // we cut at 4000 characters
    // leaving room for 11 additional message characters
    // 
    if (messageLength > 4000)
        messageLength = 4000;

    // reserve memory for the message string, also prepend
    // z/OS message id CFZ* if necessary
    if ((strncmp(message, "CFZ", 3) != 0) &&
        (strncmp(message, "CEZ", 3) != 0) )
    {
        // reserve message + 11 char message prepend + 1 byte for \0 char
        zosMessageString = (char*) malloc(messageLength+ZOS_MSGID_LENGTH+1);
        memcpy(zosMessageString, zos_msgid, ZOS_MSGID_LENGTH);
        memcpy(zosMessageString+ZOS_MSGID_LENGTH, message, messageLength);
        messageLength+=ZOS_MSGID_LENGTH;
    } else
    {
        zosMessageString = (char*) malloc(messageLength+1);
        memcpy(zosMessageString, message, messageLength);
    }
    // terminate with a null character
    zosMessageString[messageLength]='\0';

    // write first to syslog, __console changes the content of
    // message string
    ::syslog(syslogLevel, "%s", zosMessageString);
    
    CString identCString = ident.getCString();
    // Issue important messages to the z/OS console
    // audit messages will go to a different syslog like place
    if (!(severity & Logger::TRACE) &&
        !(strcmp("cimserver audit",identCString) == 0))
    {
        struct __cons_msg   cons;
        int                 concmd=0;
        
        memset(&cons,0,sizeof(cons));
        cons.__format.__f1.__msg_length = messageLength;
        cons.__format.__f1.__msg = zosMessageString;
        __console(&cons, NULL, &concmd);
    }
    free(zosMessageString);

#else /* default */

    // Not implemented!

#endif /* default */
}

void System::openlog(const char *ident, int logopt, int facility)
{

#if defined(PEGASUS_USE_SYSLOGS) && \
    (defined(PEGASUS_OS_HPUX) || defined(PEGASUS_OS_LINUX) || \
     defined(PEGASUS_OS_ZOS))
    ::openlog(ident, logopt, facility);
#else /* default */

    // Not implemented!

#endif /* default */

}

void System::closelog()
{

#if defined(PEGASUS_USE_SYSLOGS) && \
    (defined(PEGASUS_OS_HPUX) || defined(PEGASUS_OS_LINUX) || \
     defined(PEGASUS_OS_ZOS))
    ::closelog();
#else /* default */

    // Not implemented!

#endif /* default */

}


// check if a given IP address is defined on the local network interfaces
Boolean System::isIpOnNetworkInterface(Uint32 inIP)
{
    // Function compares all IP addresses defined on
    // local network interface with a given IP address
#define PEGASUS_MAX_NETWORK_INTERFACES 32
    struct ifconf conf;

    conf.ifc_buf =
        (char *)calloc(PEGASUS_MAX_NETWORK_INTERFACES, sizeof(struct ifreq));
    conf.ifc_len = PEGASUS_MAX_NETWORK_INTERFACES * sizeof(struct ifreq);

    if (-1 < ioctl(AF_INET, SIOCGIFCONF, &conf))
    {
        struct ifreq* r = conf.ifc_req;
        sockaddr_in* addr;
        addr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in*>(&r->ifr_addr);
        while (addr->sin_addr.s_addr != 0)
        {
            Uint32 ip = addr->sin_addr.s_addr;
            if (ip == inIP)
            {
                free(conf.ifc_buf);
                return true;
            }
            // next interface
            r++;
            addr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in*>(&r->ifr_addr);
        }
    }
    free(conf.ifc_buf);
    return false;
}

String System::getErrorMSG_NLS(int errorCode,int errorCode2)
{
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_ZOS)

    char buf[10];

    sprintf(buf,"%08X",errorCode2);

    MessageLoaderParms parms(
           "Common.System.ERROR_MESSAGE.PEGASUS_OS_ZOS",
           "$0 (error code $1, reason code 0x$2)",
           strerror(errorCode),errorCode,buf);

#else
    MessageLoaderParms parms(
           "Common.System.ERROR_MESSAGE.STANDARD",
           "$0 (error code $1)",strerror(errorCode),errorCode);

#endif

     return MessageLoader::getMessage(parms);
     
}

String System::getErrorMSG(int errorCode,int errorCode2)
{

    String buffer;

    char strErrorCode[32];
    sprintf(strErrorCode, "%d", errorCode);

    buffer.append(strerror(errorCode));
    buffer.append(" (error code ");
    buffer.append(strErrorCode);

#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_ZOS)
    char strErrorCode2[10];
    sprintf(strErrorCode2,"%08X",errorCode2);
    buffer.append(", reason code 0x");
    buffer.append(strErrorCode2);
#endif

    buffer.append(")");

    return buffer;
}



///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// AutoFileLock class
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

AutoFileLock::AutoFileLock(const char* fileName)
{
#ifdef PEGASUS_OS_TYPE_UNIX
    _fl.l_type = F_WRLCK;
    _fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    _fl.l_start = 0;
    _fl.l_len = 0;
    _fl.l_pid = getpid();

    do
    {
        _fd = open(fileName, O_WRONLY);
    } while ((_fd == -1) && (errno == EINTR));

    if (_fd != -1)
    {
        int rc;

        do
        {
            rc = fcntl(_fd, F_SETLKW, &_fl);
        } while ((rc == -1) && (errno == EINTR));

        if (rc == -1)
        {
            PEG_TRACE((TRC_DISCARDED_DATA, Tracer::LEVEL2,
                "AutoFileLock: Failed to lock file '%s', error code %d.",
                fileName, errno));
            _fd = -1;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        PEG_TRACE((TRC_DISCARDED_DATA, Tracer::LEVEL2,
            "AutoFileLock: Failed to open lock file '%s', error code %d.",
            fileName, errno));
    }
#endif
}

AutoFileLock::~AutoFileLock()
{
#ifdef PEGASUS_OS_TYPE_UNIX
    if (_fd != -1)
    {
        _fl.l_type = F_UNLCK;
        int rc = fcntl(_fd, F_SETLK, &_fl);
        if (rc == -1)
        {
            PEG_TRACE((TRC_DISCARDED_DATA, Tracer::LEVEL2,
                "AutoFileLock: Failed to unlock file, error code %d.",
                errno));
        }
        close(_fd);
    }
#endif
}


//==============================================================================
//
// PEGASUS_OS_AIX & PEGASUS_OS_PASE
//
//==============================================================================

// System Initializater for AIX
#if defined(PEGASUS_OS_AIX) || defined(PEGASUS_OS_PASE)
# include <cstdlib>

class SystemInitializer
{

public:
    /**
     *
     * Default constructor.
     *
     */
    SystemInitializer();
};

SystemInitializer::SystemInitializer()
{
    putenv("XPG_SUS_ENV=ON");
}

static SystemInitializer initializer;

#endif /* PEGASUS_OS_AIX */

Array<String> System::getInterfaceAddrs()
{
    Array<String> ips;

#ifdef PEGASUS_ENABLE_IPV6

#if defined(PEGASUS_HAS_GETIFADDRS)
    struct ifaddrs *array, *addrs;
    char buff[PEGASUS_INET6_ADDRSTR_LEN];

    if (0 > getifaddrs(&array))
    {
        return ips;
    }

    for( addrs = array; addrs != NULL; addrs = addrs->ifa_next)
    {
        switch(addrs->ifa_addr->sa_family)
        {
            case AF_INET :
                // Don't gather loop back addrs.
                if (System::isLoopBack(AF_INET, 
                    &((struct sockaddr_in *)addrs->ifa_addr)->sin_addr))
                {
                    continue;
                }
                HostAddress::convertBinaryToText(AF_INET, 
                    &((struct sockaddr_in *)addrs->ifa_addr)->sin_addr,
                    buff, sizeof(buff));
                ips.append(buff);
                break;
            case AF_INET6 :
                if (System::isLoopBack(AF_INET6,
                    &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)addrs->ifa_addr)->sin6_addr))
                {
                    continue;
                }
                HostAddress::convertBinaryToText(AF_INET6,
                    &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)addrs->ifa_addr)->sin6_addr,
                    buff, sizeof(buff));
                ips.append(buff);
                break;
        }
    }
    if(array)
    {
        freeifaddrs(array);
    }
#elif defined(PEGASUS_OS_AIX)
//ATTN: implement for AIX
#elif defined(PEGASUS_OS_ZOS)
//ATTN: implement for ZOS
#elif defined(PEGASUS_OS_HPUX)
//ATTN: implement for HPUX
#elif defined(PEGASUS_OS_VMS)
//ATTN: implement for VMS
#else
//ATTN: implement for rest of UNIX flavors.
#endif

#endif // PEGASUS_ENABLE_IPV6

    return ips;
}


PEGASUS_NAMESPACE_END